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Uses of “estar” and the present progressive: Uso y forma

Uses of “estar” and the present progressive: Uso y forma

Desde el comienzo de nuestro trayecto, usamos el verbo estar. ¿Cuándo usamos este verbo? ¿Qué ideas expresamos? Piensa en dos ejemplos diferentes. 

 The verb estar is used to refer to different ideas. One of the ways in which you can remember how to use the verb is by remembering the acronym P.L.A.C.E. Let’s go over each of the ways in which you use estar. 

Position:Modelo(s):

Los platos están arriba.
Los amigos de Víctor están a la derecha (right) de la mesa.

Location:Modelo(s):

La fruta está en la mesa
Estamos en la clase de español.

Condition:Modelo(s):

(Yo) estoy cansada.
¿Estás enfermo (sick)?

Emotion: Modelo(s):

¿Vosotros estáis tristes por la derrota (defeat) del equipo de fútbol?
Los amigos de Víctor están nerviosos. When the verb ends in –er or –ir, you drop the ending and add –endo/iendo.

Actions in progress: The present progressive

Estar is combined with the present participle of a verb (the stem of a verb plus -ando [for -ar verbs; e.g., caminando] or -endo/-iendo [for -er and -ir verbs; e.g., yendo (present participle of ir), comiendo; escribiendo]) to refer to actions that are in progress at the moment when the person is speaking (e.g., Estamos estudiando los usos del verbo estar.). Modelo(s):

  • When the verb ends in –ar, you drop the ending and add –ando.

estudiar –> estudiando
Aimar está estudiando.

  • When the verb ends in –er or –ir, you drop the ending and add –endo/iendo.

ir –> yendo
Edwin está yendo a clase.

vender –> vendiendo
Juan y yo estamos vendiendo las frutas.

abrir –> abriendo
¿(Tú) estás abriendo la tienda? ¿Dónde está José? Él debe abrir la tienda hoy.

Present Progressive vs. Simple Present

Just like English, Spanish uses the present progressive tense to describe actions that are occurring while one is speaking (e.g., John is writing a letter). Also similar to English, the present tense is used to describe actions that one does repeatedly or habitually (e.g., John writes a letter every morning). One difference between the two languages, however, is that in Spanish the present tense can also be used to describe progressive actions. For example:

¿Qué haces? / ¿Qué estás haciendo?What are you doing?
¿Qué escuchas/ ¿Qué estás escuchando?What are you listening to?

via Trayectos – CC 4.0

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Identifying People, Places, Things, and Ideas: Gender, Number, and Definite and Indefinite Articles: Uso y forma

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